STRAIN GAUGES, Máy đo biến dạng, GEOKON

Dynamic Embedment (Electrical Resistance) | Model 3900

The Model 3900 Embedment Strain Gauge is designed for the measurement of dynamic strains in concrete structures, earth fills and soils. It comprises a full bridge strain gauged proving ring coupled, between two flanges, with a spring and shaft. When the flanges move relative to one another, the tension in the spring changes and hence the strain in the proving ring. A PVC tube serves as a protective housing and holds the gauge at the desired initial tension.

Specifications Standard Range 5000 µε Resolution 0.125 mV/V nominal Accuracy¹ ±0.25% F.S. Nonlinearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Range² −20°C to +80°C Active Gauge Length³ 203 mm ¹Accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ²Other ranges available on request. ³Other lengths available on request.

Arc Weldable (VW) | Model 4000

The Model 4000 Strain Gauge is designed primarily for arc welding to steel structures such as tunnel linings, excavation bracing, piles and bridges. The gauge has a 150 mm gauge length (longer or shorter versions are also available), a 3000 µε range and a 1 µε sensitivity. The gauge can be adapted for bonding to concrete or for bolting to steel surfaces by modification of the end blocks.

Specifications Standard Range¹ 3000 µε Resolution 1.0 µε Accuracy² ±0.5% F.S. Nonlinearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Range³ −20°C to +80°C Active Gauge Length³ 150 mm ¹Also available with 5,000 or 10,000 µε range (please contact GEOKON for details). ²±0.5% F.S. with standard batch calibration. ±0.1% F.S. with individual calibration. Accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ³Other ranges and lengths available on request.

Dynamic Strain Transducers (Electrical Resistance) | Model ST-350

The Model ST-350 Dynamic Strain Transducer is used for structural testing and recording strains on steel structures, post-tensioned and pre-stressed concrete structures, etc., and for any structure in which a short-term live-load can be applied. The Model ST-350 is delivered pre-wired in a rugged housing that is easy and quick to install in any weather. These transducers are field-proven and have been used for more than 20 years to record strain measurements on all types of structures, often in harsh field conditions.

Specifications Strain Range ±4000 µε (Calibrated to ±2000 µε) Effective Gauge Length 76.2 mm Accuracy ±2%, individually calibrated to NIST standards Sensitivity 500 µε/mV/V (approximately) Circuit Full Wheatstone Bridge with 4 active 350 ohm foil gauges, 4-wire hookup Temperature Range −50°C to +120°C Overall Size 110.5×31.2×13 mm

Spot Weldable (VW) | Model 4100 · 4150

The Model 4100/4150 Strain Gauge has a 51 mm gauge length (3000 µε range, 1 µε sensitivity) and is designed to measure strains in steel structures (4100) and on reinforcement bars (4150) where space may be limited. The gauge is installed quickly and easily by means of a capacitive discharge spot welder or, for short-term use, with special epoxy adhesives; the latter method of attachment permits the use of this gauge on concrete.

Specifications Standard Range 3000 µε Resolution 0.4 µε Accuracy¹ ±0.5% F.S. Nonlinearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Range² −20°C to +80°C Active Gauge Length 51 mm ¹±0.5% F.S. with standard batch calibration. ±0.1% F.S. with individual calibration.  Accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ²Other ranges available on request.

Strain Gauges (Fiber Optic) | Model FP4000

The Model FP4000 Fiber Optic Strain Gauges are designed for use in environments where it may be difficult to use conventional types of strain gauges because of space considerations, high levels of electrical interference or where intrinsic safety is an issue. Measurements of dynamic events are also possible with these gauges and the requisite dataloggers. The strain gauges have a very low coefficient of thermal expansion and can be used to measure both mechanical and thermo-mechanical strains in a variety of different materials.

Specifications Standard Ranges FP4000-1.0 | −1000 to +1000 µε FP4000-2.5 | −2500 to +2500 µε FP4000-5.0 | −5000 to +5000 µε Resolution FP4000-1.0 | 0.15 µε FP4000-2.5 | 0.30 µε FP4000-5.0 | 0.50 µε Gauge Factor Accuracy¹ FP4000-1.0 | ±3% F.S. FP4000-2.5 | ±3% F.S. FP4000-5.0 | ±10% F.S. Temperature Sensitivity 0.85 to 1.22 µε/°C Strain Sensitivity transverse strain insensitive Operating Range −40°C to +80°C L × W × H 100 × 25 × 1 mm ¹The accuracy of the OSP sensors is determined by sample testing of controlled batches at the factory. The manufacturing technique results in the spans shown above and is confirmed by actual strain tests performed on samples from batch lots.

Miniature and Extended Range (VW) | Model 4151

The Model 4151 is a modification of the Model 4150 strain gauge in which the spot-weldable tabs have been replaced by pins welded to the end blocks and designed to be grouted into two short holes drilled into the material under test. Special versions of the Model 4151 are available with extended ranges. These gauges are particularly useful for measurements in high strain regimes such as on plastic pipes or piles and on fiberglass structural members and rebars. A unique design allows these gauges to be manufactured without increasing their overall length, making them particularly suitable where space and or access is limited.

Specifications Range (Nominal) 4151 | 3,000 µε 4151-1 | 5,000 µε¹ 4151-2 | 10,000 µε¹ Resolution 4151 | 0.4 µε 4151-1 | 1.0 µε 4151-2 | 2.0 µε Accuracy² ±0.5% F.S. Linearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Range −20°C to +80°C Active Gauge Length 51 mm ¹±0.5% F.S. with standard batch calibration. ±0.1% F.S. with individual calibration.  Accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ²Other ranges available on request.

Concrete Embedment (VW) | Model 4200 · 4202 · 4204 · 4210

These Strain Gauges are designed for direct embedment in concrete. The Model 4200 (standard) has a 153 mm gauge length and 1 με sensitivity and is commonly used for strain measurements in foundations, piles, bridges, dams, tunnel linings, etc. The Model 4200ER (extended range version), is designed for measuring large strains up to 10,000 με. The Model 4200L (low modulus version) is particularily suitable for measuring curing strains in concrete. High temperature versions are also available. The Model 4210 has a 250 mm gauge length making it particularly suitable for use in large aggregate concrete. The Model 4202 and 4204 are designed for laboratory use and/or where there are space limitations.

Specifications Standard Range¹ 4200, 4200L, 4202, 4204, 4210 | 3,000 µε 4200ER | 5,000 to 10,000 µε Resolution 4200, 4200L, 4204 | 1.0 µε 4200ER | 2.0-5.0 µε 4202, 4210 | 0.4 µε Accuracy² 4200, 4200L, 4202, 4204, 4210 | ±0.5% F.S.³ 4200ER | ±0.5% F.S. Nonlinearity 4200, 4200L, 4202, 4204, 4210 | <0.5% F.S. 4200ER | ±2.5-4.0% F.S. Temperature Range¹ −20°C to +80°C Active Gauge Length 4200, 4200ER, 4200L | 153 mm 4202 | 51 mm 4204 | 102 mm 4210 | 250 mm⁴ ¹Other ranges available on request. ²Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ±0.5% F.S. with standard batch calibration. ³±0.1% F.S. with individual calibration. ⁴Other lengths available on request.

High Temperature Embedment (VW) | Model 4200HT · 4200HT-T

The Model 4200HT and 4200HT-T High Temperature Embedment Strain Gauges are similar to the standard Model 4200. However, the Model 4200HT is designed for short-term use at temperatures up to 200°C and the Model 4200HT-T is designed for long-term use at temperatures up to 220°C. They are particularly useful for measurements in autoclaved spun concrete piles.

Specifications Standard Range 3000 µε Resolution 1.0 µε Accuracy¹ 4200HT | ±0.5% F.S.² 4200HT-T | ±0.5% F.S. Nonlinearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Range 4200HT | −20 °C to +200 °C 4200HT-T | −20 °C to +220 °C Active Gauge Length 4200HT | 153 mm 4200HT-T | 148 mm ¹Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ±0.5% F.S. with standard batch calibration. ²±0.1% F.S. with individual calibration.

Soil Extensometers (VW) | Model 4435

The Model 4435 Soil Extensometer is designed to be installed, in series, to measure horizontal strain in earthfill or rockfill dams. The 4435 has flanges on either end, which enable a series of extensometers to be bolted together forming long strings of sensors so that complete profiles of deformation or settlement can be monitored. For measurement of strains in boreholes and RCC dams, please see the Model 4430 Deformation Meter.

Specifications Standard Ranges¹ 25, 50, 100, 150, 300 mm Resolution² 0.025% F.S. Accuracy³ ±0.1% F.S. Nonlinearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C Minimum Gauge Length 610 mm Diameter 27 mm (pipe), 33 mm (slip coupling), 51 mm (flange) Flange (L × W × H) 610 × 75 × 75 mm ¹Other ranges available on request. ²Resolution depends on readout equipment. ³Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Rebar Strainmeters (VW) | Model 4911 · 4911A

The Model 4911 Rebar Strainmeter is designed for measuring strains in foundations, slurry walls, precast piles, caissons, bridge abutments, tunnel liners, etc. The standard Model 4911 (#4 rebar), known as the “Sister Bar,” is installed alongside structural rebar. Larger models (4911A) are available for welding directly into structural rebar. Where short-term dynamic measurements are to be made, bonded resistance (Model 3911/3911A) strain gauges can be substituted, or added.

Specifications Standard Range 3000 µε Resolution 0.4 µε Accuracy¹ ±0.25% F.S. Nonlinearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C Rebar Sizes 4911 | #4 (Sister Bar) 4911A | #6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 Active Gauge Length 4911 | 914 mm 4911A | 1105 mm ¹Accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ²Other ranges available on request.

Rebar Strainmeters (Electrical Resistance) | Model 3911 · 3911A

Model 3911 Electrical Resistance Type Rebar Strainmeters are designed primarily for monitoring the stresses in reinforcing steel in concrete structures, such as bridges, concrete piles and diaphragm walls. They are particularly suitable where dynamic strain measurements are required in addition to static strains, or where existing readout systems or dataloggers are not capable of reading vibrating wire sen­sors. The Model 3911, or "Sister Bar," is designed to be wire tied in parallel with the structural rebar. The small diameter of the bar minimizes its effect on the sectional modulus of the concrete. Larger models (3911A) are available for welding directly into structural rebar.

Specifications Standard Range 3000 µε Sensitivity 0.4 µε Accuracy¹ ±0.25% F.S. Linearity 0.25% F.S. Bridge Resistance 350 Ω Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C Rebar Sizes 3911 | #4 (Sister Bar) 3911A | #5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 Length 3911 | 914 mm 3911A | 1105 mm ¹Accuracy established under laboratory conditions. ²Other ranges available on request.

Rebar Strainmeters (Fiber Optic) | Model FP4911

The Model FP4911 Fiber Optic Rebar Strainmeter is designed for measuring strains in foundations, slurry walls, precast piles, caissons, bridge abutments, tunnel liners, etc. The standard Model FP4911 (#4 rebar), known as the “Sister Bar,” is installed alongside structural rebar. The Fibre Optic element employed in this sensor makes it particularly suitable where dynamic measurements are to be made and/or on projects where other fiber optic sensors are deployed.

Specifications Standard Range −1000 to +1000 µε Resolution 0.15 µε Accuracy ±0.25% F.S. Nonlinearity <0.5% F.S. Temperature Sensitivity 0.85 to 1.22 µε/°C Temp. Operating Range¹ −40 °C to +80 °C Rebar Size 4 (Sister Bar) Active Gauge Length 914 mm

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